Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers are widely used in the sand aggregate and mining industries, especially in the medium and fine crushing processing systems of medium-hard materials. We introduce 4 common problems in the operation of cone crusher: abnormal vibration, high noise, easy dirty lubricating oil, high oil return temperature, and introduce how to solve them.
1. Abnormal Vibration
The abnormal vibration of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, such as the jump of the adjusting ring and the swing of the frame, can cause great damage to the equipment, and the production capacity and efficiency will be greatly reduced.
Possible reasons for abnormal vibration
Failure of the mounting surface to meet the requirements will cause abnormal vibrations such as rack swing
Solution: When working, the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher requires horizontal vibration within +2mm and vertical vibration within +1mm. There are two mounting surfaces for the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, one is the foundation mounting surface, that is, the mounting plane of the vibration damping block, and the other is the mounting plane of the frame. The flatness of the two installation planes should be within 2mm, and the steel plate can be used to adjust the ones that do not meet the requirements.
The bounce of the adjusting ring of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is the most obvious manifestation of overload
When the crusher is overloaded, the adjusting ring moves upward to increase the discharge opening, accelerate the material discharge in the crushing chamber, and reduce the load of the crusher. After the crusher load is reduced, the adjusting ring will move down and return to the original position. When the crusher continues to be overloaded, the adjustment ring will continuously reciprocate up and down, and the intuitive performance is the beating of the adjustment ring.
The main reasons for the overload of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher are:
- The feed contains non-broken materials, such as metal, wood, rubber or plastic. The multi-cylinder cone crusher is strictly prohibited from passing iron. The iron passing release device is a protection for the crusher and cannot be understood as the crusher has the ability to pass iron. The material must pass through the iron remover and metal detector before entering the crusher.
- Non-centered feeding, centralized feeding on one side, forming unilateral crushing. The multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher requires that the feed must be centered, that is, the material fed into the crusher must fall vertically on the distribution plate. Achieving full feeding can ensure that the feeding is evenly distributed around the crushing cavity. The full feeding is a necessary condition for the operation of the multi-cylinder cone crusher.
- Feeding segregation, large materials occupy one side and fine materials occupy the other side. Feeding segregation will not only cause machine vibration, but also cause uneven force on the crushing motor cone, which will seriously affect the service life of the crusher.
- There are too many fine materials in the feed, and the requirement for materials smaller than the discharge port of the crusher in the feed is less than 10%; too much fine materials will cause the crushing cavity of the crusher to be filled with fine materials, and the driving power during extrusion A substantial increase will directly cause the crusher to overload.
- The feed material contains too much water, and the water content of the crushed material should be controlled within 5%.
2. Lubricating Oil is Easy to Get Dirty
The function of lubricating oil for multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is to lubricate and dissipate heat. Poor lubrication can easily cause severe wear of the copper sleeve (copper shavings and copper skin on the oil return filter screen), or even a burnt copper sleeve.
The horizontal shaft, eccentric sleeve, and moving cone of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher are all friction pairs. They are designed with a copper sleeve (equivalent to a sliding bearing), so the main function of lubrication is to improve the friction state of the copper sleeve and reduce the friction resistance. Slow down the wear of copper parts. The heat dissipation function of lubricating oil is to take away the heat generated by the crusher (mainly the heat generated by the friction pairs of the copper sleeves) through the lubricating oil.
Specifically, the lubricating oil from the oil tank first passes through the radiator to cool down and then enters the crusher. While lubricating, it absorbs the heat of the crusher and takes it out of the crusher. In order to protect the copper sleeve of the crusher from burns, it is required that the temperature inside the crusher should not be too high, that is, the return temperature of the lubricating oil should not exceed 55°C. If it exceeds 55C, wait for the temperature to drop before resuming feeding. If it exceeds 60C, turn off the crusher, and must not turn off the lubrication pump until the temperature drops below 45°C.
Solution:
Dust prevention and sealing are key factors in keeping the lubricating oil clean. On the one hand, dust prevention refers to the dust prevention of the process flow, that is, the crushing and screening system, and on the other hand, it refers to the dust prevention inside the crusher. The dust proof of the process system is not done well, and the entire production environment is full of dust, which is very unfavorable to the heat dissipation and dust proof of the crusher.
The dust proof of multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is generally to use a blower to generate positive wind pressure to prevent dust. Appropriate air volume and reasonable dust-proof sealing gap can achieve good dust-proof effect. The dust-proof seal of multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher usually adopts the sealing method similar to the labyrinth form such as U-type and 1-type. If the lubricating oil is easy to get dirty, apply about 1/3 of the grease in the sealing groove to achieve a good sealing and dust-proof effect.
3. High Temperature of Oil Return
The oil return temperature is one of the important parameters of the operation of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, and it is monitored in real time by the computer and the program. In winter, when the temperature of the fuel tank is lower than 20C, the heater is turned on, and the heater is turned off at 25°C. It is prohibited to start the crusher if the oil return temperature is lower than 17°C. In summer, when the oil return temperature is higher than 45°C, the radiator turns on, and the temperature drops to 40°C. The radiator turns off. When the oil return temperature rises to 55°C, a high oil return temperature alarm will be issued. If the oil return temperature is interlocked with the feeding, the system automatically stops feeding. When the oil return temperature reaches 60C, the crusher stops and the system stops feeding.
Solution:
The key to controlling the oil return temperature of the crusher is to control the ambient temperature and effectively dissipate heat. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the lubricating oil, the amount of oil passing through the crusher must reach 200L/min. The standard configuration of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is an air-cooled radiator. The key is to have good air circulation. In addition, the intake air of the radiator is low-temperature air.
If the site cannot provide a better heat dissipation environment and the water source is sufficient, the air-cooled radiator can be replaced with a water-cooled radiator, or a water-cooled device can be installed in parallel with a water flow rate of 200L/min. Compared with air cooling, water cooling can provide a better cooling effect. However, many equipment sites do not have water-cooling conditions due to water shortages and other factors. The only way to lower the ambient temperature is to install air conditioners. It is the choice of many owners.
4. Excessive Operating Noise
The noise of the empty operation of the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher should be less than 90dB. When the noise exceeds 100dB, it indicates that the crusher is operating abnormally, which will affect the performance, production capacity and service life of the crusher. Excessive noise often occurs together with abnormal vibration of the equipment. If the noise exceeds the standard under the normal vibration state of the crusher, it is very likely that there are problems such as wear and tear inside the crusher, and it should be shut down as soon as possible for inspection.
Standardized operation methods, good maintenance habits, and timely and correct handling of faults can make the multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher play its maximum value.