Currently, the method of sand production is to crush stones into sand. Breaking stones of several hundred millimeters or even thousands of millimeters into particles of several millimeters or even tens of millimeters, several stone crushers can directly finish sand making process, including hammer crushers, impact crushers, and sand-making machines.
1. Hammer Crusher
The hammer crusher is a kind of equipment that crushes materials by impacting the hammerhead, divided into the single rotor and double-rotor types. It is a one-stage crusher, which directly crushes materials with a maximum particle size of 600-1800mm to 25 or less. A hammer crusher is suitable for crushing medium hardness materials such as limestone, slag, coke, coal, etc. And it is widely applied in cement, chemical, electric power, metallurgy, and other industries. It is a small-capacity sand-making machine that is suitable for small-scale sand production. For a complete sand production line, if the input size is over 80-100mm, it usually will equip with a jaw crusher for coarse crushing. if the input size is under 80-100mm, the hammer crusher can crush sand size directly.
(1)Working principle
The hammer crusher mainly relies on impact energy to complete the crushing process of materials. When the hammer crusher operates, the motor drives the rotor to rotate at high speed, and the material evenly enters the crusher chamber. The high-speed rotating hammerhead impacts, shears, and tears the materials, forcing them to be broken. At the same time, the gravity of the material itself makes the material rush from the high-speed rotating hammer head into the baffle and screen strip in the frame, preventing the material, which is larger than the size of the screen hole from remaining on the screen plate and continuing to be hit and ground by the hammer, Until it is crushed to the required discharge particle size and finally discharged through the sieve plate outside the machine.
(2)Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the hammer crusher: with a high crushing ratio (generally 10-25, up to 50), high production capacity, uniform product, less overfilling, low energy consumption, simple structure, lightweight, easy operation, and maintenance, etc. Hammer crushers are suitable for crushing various medium-hard and brittle materials, such as limestone, coal, salt, dolomite, gypsum, alum, bricks, tiles, coal gangue, etc. The compressive strength of the crushed material shall not exceed 150 MPa. This machine is widely applied in the industries such as cement, coal preparation, power generation, building materials, and compound fertilizers. It can crush raw materials of different sizes into uniform particles to facilitate the following process. The hammer crusher structure is reliable, has high production efficiency, and has good applicability.
The disadvantages of hammer crusher: the hammerhead and grate screen wear rapidly, and the maintenance and balancing time last long. When crushing hard materials, the wear is faster; When crushing sticky and wet materials, it is easy to block the sieve gap of the castor strip, which can easily cause downtime (the water content of the material should not exceed 10%). When crushing hard materials, the hammerhead and liner plate is worn fast and consume a lot of metal materials. Frequent replacement of easily worn parts requires more maintenance time. When crushing sticky and wet materials, the grate bars are prone to clogging, causing the production capacity to reduce.
2. Impact Crusher
PF impact crusher has the advantages of a simple structure, large crushing ratio, low energy consumption, high output, and cubic shape after crushing. It can crush various medium-hardness materials with compressive strength not higher than 100Mpa, such as limestone, clinker, slag, coke, and coal, in industrial sectors such as ore making, cement, construction, refractory materials, coal, glass, etc. The impact crusher can work with a jaw crusher or work alone, Normally it depends on the capacity requirement.
(1)Working principle
During operation, the stones fall into the high-speed rotating rotary table directly from the top of the machine, and the rotor rotates at a high speed driven by the motor. The materials entering the feeding port collide with the plate hammer on the rotor. Under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, they hit another part of the flying stones that are distributed around the rotary table in an umbrella shape, causing high-speed collisions and high-density crushing, which is crushed by the high-speed impact of the plate hammer; After crushing, the material hit back onto the lining plate and broken again. After hitting each other, the stones will form a vortex motion between the rotary table and the casing, causing multiple mutual blows, friction, and crushing, and finally discharged from the discharge port. It forms a closed circuit for multiple cycles, and adjusting the gap between the reaction frame and the rotor frame can achieve the goal of changing the material discharge particle size and material shape.
(2)Advantage
- It is very suitable for hard rock crushing, which is efficient and energy-saving. This machine has been optimized and designed as a low rotational speed, multi-crushing chamber impact crusher, with a linear speed reduced by 20% – 25% compared to conventional impact crusher, achieving high production capacity with low energy consumption.
- Unique structure, and keyless connection design. With new manufacturing technology, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium alloy material with high wear resistance and toughness has been successfully developed, which solves the problem of crushing hard materials. It improves the service life of the plate hammer.
- High chromium plate hammer, unique toothed impact liner. The reasonable plate hammer structure has the advantages of fast loading and unloading and multiple transpositions, and it can shorten the time for replacing the plate hammer.
- It has the function of three-level crushing and material shaping. The shape of the finished product is cubic, without tension cracks, with a good particle shape. The discharge particle size is adjustable, simplifying the whole crushing process.
- Convenient maintenance, simple and reliable operation. The PF hard rock impact crusher is equipped with a multi-function hydraulic station, which has multiple functions such as hydraulic high-speed discharge clearance, stabilized vibration reduction of the impact plate, and automatic opening of the machine body.
3. VSI Sand-Making Machine
VSI sand making machine(Vertical sand impact crusher) is a new type of sand-making machine, saving 50% energy compared to traditional sand-making machines. It can crush various rocks, sand, and river pebbles into construction sand with different particle sizes. The sand has uniform particle sizes and high compressive strength, which is far more in line with construction requirements than natural sand and sand produced by ordinary hammer crushers, it also improves construction material quality. The equipment has reliable performance, reasonable design, convenient operation, and high work efficiency. It is widely used for fine crushing and coarse grinding of alloy strip metal and non-metallic ores, cement, refractory materials, abrasives, glass raw materials, construction aggregates, artificial sand, and various metallurgical slag, especially for medium-hard, extra hard, and abrasive materials such as silicon carbide, carborundum, sintered bauxite, magnesia, and so on.
(1)working principle
During the operation of the VSI sand-making machine, the material falls into the hopper and enters the high-speed rotating swing wheel through the central feed hole. The acceleration in the swing wheel can reach tens of times the acceleration of gravity, and then the material is ejected from the swing wheel at high speed. First, it collides with another part of the material that falls freely after rebounding and then concentrates together, impacts the material liner, and impacts obliquely upward by the rebound to the top of the vortex chamber, changing its movement direction. The deflection moves downward and collides with the material emitted from the impeller flow passage to form a continuous material curtain. In this way, a piece of raw material is struck by two or more impacts, friction, and grinding crushing actions in the vortex crushing chamber of the impact-type sand-making machine. The crushed material will be discharged from the lower discharge port. VSI sand-making machine is suitable for crushing granite, quartz, basalt, river pebbles, limestone, dolomite, etc.
(2)Advantages of VSI sand-making machines
- Simple and reasonable structure, low operating cost.
- High crushing rate and energy saving.
- It has the functions of fine crushing and rough grinding.
- It is slightly affected by the moisture content of the material. The moisture content can reach about 8%.
- More suitable for crushing medium and extra hard materials.
- The product has an excellent particle shape, is cubic, and has a low needle and sheet content.
Hammer crushers, impact crushers, and sand-making machines can produce sand in the sand-making line. Generally, they will be equipped with a vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, cone crusher, and other auxiliary equipment. JXSC is a professional mining construction equipment manufacturer, we can provide a single crushing machine and a complete set stone crushing plant or sand-making production line. Contact us online to get the factory price!